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Overview of Immune System As humans, we rely on our immune systems every day to protect us from viruses, bacteria, toxins, and fungi. When this network of organs, cells, and proteins defeats a threat to our body, it makes a record of how to defend against the invader. The next time the body is faced with this particular attacker, the immune system can defeat it swiftly and efficiently. The chicken’s immune system functions in a similar way. It is also complex. Its main defenses are lymphoid organs, which produce, store, and carry cells that fight infection. The primary lymphoid organs...

Trace minerals are required by animals in small amounts, usually only milligrams per day. The most common trace minerals include zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, iron, iodine and selenium. The organic trace mineral complexes used in all premium Nutrena® horse feeds, including SafeChoice® and ProForce® are absorbed into the body better than conventional trace minerals because they are chelated, meaning they are bound one-to-one with an amino acid. Better absorption means an optimal quantity is formulated into the feeds, reducing the amount of wasted minerals. A diet fully fortified with organic trace minerals provides the following benefits for horses: Improved hair...

Everyone that has a horse, who also lives in cold winter temperatures, has a guest house where their horse can sit next to a warm fire, read books and smoke out of the finest hand-crafted pipe.Or not…Much of the time, horses are stuck in extremely cold temperatures with very little to protect them from the harsh weather conditions. If you don’t have a heated house for you’re your horse to stay, here are some tips on winterizing your horse:Give me shelterThe best option for your horse is to be housed in a barn where they are surrounded on all sides...

Nothing is cozier on a cold winter day than cuddling up in front of a glowing, crackling fireplace or enjoying the robust heat of a freestanding stove. At the same time, however, nothing is more disappointing than if your fireplace or stove fails to light, lets off too much smoke, has a foul odor, or otherwise doesn’t function properly. With the right winter fireplace and stove care, however, you can enjoy the rich heat and steady glow of your fireplace or stove all winter long. Before Winter Arrives It is best to prepare your fireplace and stove in early autumn...

Late fall and early winter may not seem like great times to be active in the garden, but in many areas, there are still tasks that need to be completed. In regions with milder climates, November can be a great time for wrapping up autumn gardening chores, and every gardener should take steps to keep their beds in great shape right up to the first heavy snowfall. In November, gardeners should… Keep RakingAs leaves keep falling, they build up on the lawn and garden, creating thick mats that are hard to remove in spring. Raking throughout November will minimize leftover...